1. maslow's Hierarchy of needs theory
2. McGregor's theory X and theoryY
3. Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
Maslow's hieracy of needs theory was develpoed by Abraham Maslow. It states that there is a hieracy of five human needs, as each need is substantially satisfied the next need become dominat. A satisfied need is no longer a motvator. only unsatisfied needs motivate people.
The five levels of needs according to Maslow are
- Physiological needs: basic food, drink,water,shelter and sexual needs
- safety needs: security and protection from physical and emotional harm
- social needs: affection,belonginess,acceptance and friendship
- Esteem needs: internal factors such as self respect,autonomy, and achievement and external factors such as status, recognition and attention
- self-actualization needs: a person's drive to become what he or she is capable of becoming. when all other need are met, employees will become motivated by self-actualisation i.e they look for meaning and personal growth in their work and seek new responsibility.Some employees meet their self-actualisation need by producing work of high quality,creative ideas.